Geographical Information System for Farm Entrepreneur - A Review

The goal of this research is to investigate the potential of use of Internet GIS applications for agriculture farms. The study specifically examines the use of vector and attributes data and the potential of displaying and processing this data in new ways. It has increasingly been recognized that future developments in GIS will centre on Internet GIS, and in three major areas: GIS data access, spatial information dissemination and GIS modeling/processing. This research creates a methodological framework to achieve its goal that consists of three major parts: a database tier, an application tier and a farmer tier. This study demonstrates the uses of geographical information system (GIS) and multi-criterion decision-making framework (MCDM) in solving a agriculture multiobjective problem. Introduction Since India has a strong agriculture base and agriculture being the field of high developmental priority, the creation of a suitable Computational Agriculture Information System has become essential as development of agricultural sector is a potential catalyst for socio-economic development. The real test of technological development is whether it reaches people and the most important task is to produce, manage and deliver relevant information systems appropriately that are useful for the society. So, there is a need to locally develop information systems which are based on local needs and structures. That is why a country like India needs to adopt and develop information systems based on its own needs and structures, using their own methods and practices in the areas like healthcare, agriculture, education etc. Some of the problems faced towards informatics development for agriculture in India are:  Unavailability of appropriate Agriculture Information Systems to facilitate Agriculture Informatics suitable to the Indian requirements.  Scarcity of experienced indigenous systems development resources capable of producing suitable information systems for the Agriculture sector. This paper primarily focuses on developing Computational Agriculture Information System. Information Kiosks which provide the basic services like email communication, helps in education, health services, agriculture and irrigation, online trading, community services etc. We also need expert systems which help in determining marketing alternatives and optimal strategies for farmers, integrated crop management systems for different crops, Farm-level Intelligent Decision Support System [1] for risk reduction in agriculture and efficient irrigated agriculture. Many Organizations and Institutes should utilize the information technology to provide solutions to the problems faced by the agriculture sector in a cost effective manner with proper business models. Still a lot of research has to happen in this area particularly in India. To control something, objects of which the mechanisms are known, are easy to control, but it is quite difficult to control an object such as agriculture of which the mechanism cannot be particularly explained. Hence most tasks have to rely on human capability rather than technology. However, if there is a technique to control agriculture, one can expect steady and high-quality harvests. Literature Survey K.Anji Reddy et. al. (2012) discussed that India has a strong agriculture base and agriculture being the field of high developmental priority, the creation of a suitable Computational Agriculture Information System has become essential as International Journal of Enhanced Research in Management & Computer Applications, ISSN: 2319-7471 Vol. 3 Issue 8, August 2014, pp: (48-53), Impact Factor: 1.147, Available online at: www.erpublications.com Page | 49 development of agricultural sector is a potential catalyst for socio-economic development. The real test of technological development is whether it reaches people and the most important task is to produce, manage and deliver relevant information systems appropriately that are useful for the society. Ms. Neha Agarwal et. al. (2011) discucced that GIS is increasingly using geospatial data from the Web to produce geographic information. It is necessary to provide mechanisms to prepare data to help retrieval of semantically relevant data. Geospatial information (GI) constitutes to be the key factor in decision-making in a variety of domains, such as emergency management and agriculture. One way is the use of semantic annotations to store the produced and relevant information. This paper illustrates study of semantic annotations of agricultural resources, using domain ontology’s. Zhuang Weidong et. al. (2010) said that agriculture machinery guidance technology is one of precision agricultural important technologies. Based on GPS and GIS, it can raise working efficiency and improve the quality, reduce production costs, reduce driver working difficulty. This research's general goals realize the aided guidance function for agriculture machinery driving on road and straight line operation in the field by lightbar. The system uses Visual Basic 6.0 and MapObjects 2.2, uses the RS232 serial port communication, uses the AgGPS 332 receiver, uses the DGPS signal offered by Satellite Based Augmentation Systems, uses touch-screen vehicle carries computer for the superior computer, applies the existing area electronic map, develops region’s farmland and path's geographic information system, enables the farm machinery to obtain the guidance information for transportation between the fields. R. Jeberson Retna Raj et. al. (2010) described disaster management system based on GIS web services exclusively designed to handle the disaster such as tsunami, flood, earthquake, cyclone etc. The necessity of the system is many people lives in danger because of lack of providing timely help to the affected victims and tardy response of relief works. Disaster management system incorporates with GIS web services to identify the affected areas and possible routes to reach the location. L. Jelínek et. al.(2010) deals with the ex-ante analysis of the effects of farm subsidies on farm behaviour. Beside that the risk factor is implemented in the farm model to reflect and quantify potential (negative) impact on farm results. A farmlevel optimization model is used to assess the effects of different kind of policies and risk on production structure, income indicators and land use management. Carlson (1987) proposed a model called the simplify complex. He used the term 0-simplex, 1simplex, 2-simplex, and 3simplex to denominate spatial objects of node, line, surface, and volume. His model can be extended to n-dimensions. Molenaar (1992) presented a 3D topological model called 3D Formal Vector Data Structure. The model maintains nodes, arcs, edges and faces that are used to describe four types of features named points, lines, surfaces and bodies. The model belongs to the group of Boundary representations (B-reps). Cambray (1993) proposed CAD models for 3D objects combined with DTM as a way to create 3D GIS that is a combination of Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG ) and B-rep. Other attempts to develop 3D GIS can be found in Kraus (1995), Fritsch and Schmidt (1995), and Pilouk (1996). These attempts were based on the TIN data structure to represent 3D terrain objects but no reports exist on the any related aspects of using OO techniques for modelling and data structure. De la Losa (1998) and Pfund (2001) proposed OO models similar to Molenaar’s but have few more explicitly stored spatial relationships. For example, De la Losa maintains the relationship arc-faces as strict ordering of faces is introduced. Spatial data modeling and structuring of 3D spatial objects in G IS has not been as successfully achieved as in CAD Work by Pilouk(1996) focused on the use of TIN data structure and relational database for 2D and 2.5D spatial data. He proposed an integrated data model for 3D GIS, which produced a practical approach to the problem.